Kapangidwe ka chikuku
Ma wheelchair wamba amakhala ndi magawo anayi: wheelchair frame, wheelchair, brake device ndi mpando. Monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzichi, ntchito za chigawo chilichonse chachikulu cha chikuku chikufotokozedwa.
Mawilo akulu: kunyamula kulemera kwakukulu, kutalika kwa gudumu ndi 51.56.61.66cm, etc. Kupatula matayala ochepa olimba omwe amafunikira ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito, ena amagwiritsa ntchito matayala a pneumatic.
Gudumu laling'ono: Pali ma diameter angapo monga 12.15.18.20cm. Mawilo ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono amapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukambirana zopinga zazing'ono komanso ma carpets apadera. Kaŵirikaŵiri, gudumu laling’ono limabwera patsogolo pa gudumu lalikulu, koma m’zipinda za olumala zogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi anthu opuwala miyendo ya m’munsi, gudumu laling’ono kaŵirikaŵiri limaikidwa pambuyo pa gudumu lalikulu. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa kuwonetsetsa kuti gudumu laling'ono liri lolunjika ku gudumu lalikulu, apo ayi likhoza kugwedezeka mosavuta.
Mkombero wa magudumu: Osiyana ndi mipando ya olumala, m'mimba mwake nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono 5cm kuposa gudumu lalikulu.Pamene hemiplegia imayendetsedwa ndi dzanja limodzi, onjezani ina yokhala ndi m'mimba mwake yaying'ono kuti musankhe. Ngati ntchitoyo si yabwino, ikhoza kusinthidwa m'njira zotsatirazi kuti ikhale yosavuta kuyendetsa:
- Onjezani mphira pamwamba pa mkombero wa handwheel kuti muwonjezere kukangana.
- Onjezani tizitsulo zokankhira kuzungulira dzanja la gudumu
- Kankhani Knob mopingasa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvulala kwa msana kwa C5. Panthawiyi, ma biceps brachii ndi amphamvu, manja amaikidwa pazitsulo zokankhira, ndipo ngolo imatha kukankhidwa kutsogolo ndikupinda zigongono. Ngati palibe chopingasa chokankhira chopingasa, sichingakankhidwe.
- vertical push knob.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene pali kusuntha kochepa kwa mapewa ndi manja chifukwa cha nyamakazi ya nyamakazi.Chifukwa chopingasa chopingasa sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawiyi.
- Bold push knob.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe kusuntha kwa chala kumakhala kochepa kwambiri ndipo kumakhala kovuta kupanga nkhonya. Ndiwoyeneranso kwa odwala osteoarthritis, matenda a mtima kapena odwala okalamba.
Matayala: Pali mitundu itatu: yolimba, inflatable, chubu lamkati ndi tubeless.Mtundu wolimba umayenda mofulumira pamtunda wathyathyathya ndipo siwosavuta kuphulika ndipo ndi wosavuta kukankhira, koma umanjenjemera kwambiri pamisewu yosagwirizana ndipo ndizovuta kutulutsa pamene mwakakamira. m'mphepete mwake ngati tayala; Matayala amkati omwe amatha kuphulika ndi ovuta kuwakankhira komanso mosavuta kubowoka, koma amanjenjemera kuposa matayala olimba ang'onoang'ono; khalani chifukwa chubu lopanda chubu silingabowole ndipo limalowanso mkati, koma ndizovuta kukankha kuposa mtundu wolimba.
Mabuleki: Mawilo akuluakulu ayenera kukhala ndi mabuleki pa gudumu lililonse.Zoonadi, pamene munthu wa hemiplegic angagwiritse ntchito dzanja limodzi, ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito dzanja limodzi kuti aphwanye, koma mukhoza kukhazikitsa ndodo yowonjezera kuti mugwiritse ntchito mabuleki kumbali zonse ziwiri.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya mabuleki:
Notch brake. Brake iyi ndi yotetezeka komanso yodalirika, koma yolemetsa kwambiri. Pambuyo pakusintha, imatha kubzalidwa pamatsetse. Ngati isinthidwa kukhala mulingo 1 ndipo siyingabowoledwe pamalo athyathyathya, ndiyosavomerezeka.
Sinthani mabuleki.Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya lever, imadutsa m'magulu angapo, ubwino wake wamakina ndi wamphamvu kuposa mabuleki, koma amalephera mofulumira.Kuti awonjezere mphamvu ya braking ya wodwalayo, ndodo yowonjezera nthawi zambiri imawonjezeredwa ku brake. Komabe, ndodoyi imawonongeka mosavuta ndipo ingakhudze chitetezo ngati sichifufuzidwa nthawi zonse.
Mpando:Kutalika, kuya, ndi m’lifupi zimadalira mmene thupi la wodwalayo lilili, komanso mmene zinthu zilili zimatengera matendawo. Nthawi zambiri, kuya ndi 41,43cm, m'lifupi ndi 40,46cm, ndi kutalika ndi 45,50cm.
Mpando khushoni:Kuti mupewe zilonda zopanikizika, samalani kwambiri ndi mapepala anu. Ngati n'kotheka, gwiritsani ntchito mapepala a eggcrate kapena Roto, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku pulasitiki yayikulu. Chigawo chilichonse ndi chofewa komanso chosavuta kusuntha. Wodwalayo atakhala pa izo, kupanikizika pamwamba kumakhala chiwerengero chachikulu cha malo oponderezedwa. Komanso, ngati wodwalayo akuyenda pang'ono, vutolo lidzasintha ndi kayendetsedwe ka nsonga, kotero kuti kupanikizika kungathe kusinthidwa mosalekeza kuti apewe kupanikizika. zilonda zomwe zimayamba chifukwa cha kupanikizika pafupipafupi pa malo okhudzidwawo.Ngati palibe khushoni pamwamba, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito thovu losanjikiza, lomwe makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala 10cm. Chosanjikiza chapamwamba chiyenera kukhala 0.5cm wandiweyani wa polychloroformate foam, ndipo pansi ayenera kukhala pulasitiki yapakati-kachulukidwe chikhalidwe chomwecho. Kuthamanga kwa tubercle ischial ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kupitirira 1-16 nthawi yachilendo ya capillary short pressure, yomwe imakonda ischemia ndi mapangidwe a zilonda zam'mimba. kuti mupewe kupanikizika kwakukulu pano, nthawi zambiri kumbatirani kachidutswa pa pad lolingana kuti dongosolo la ischial likhale lokwezeka. Pokumba, kutsogolo kuyenera kukhala 2.5cm kutsogolo kwa tubercle ya ischial, ndipo mbaliyo ikhale 2.5cm kunja kwa tubercle ya ischial. Kuzama Pozungulira 7.5cm, pediyo idzawoneka ngati yopingasa mukatha kukumba, ndi mphako kukamwa. Ngati pad yomwe tatchulayi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pocheka, ikhoza kukhala yothandiza kwambiri popewa zilonda zam'mimba.
Phazi ndi miyendo zimapuma:Mpumulo wa mwendo ukhoza kukhala mtundu wambali kapena mbali ziwiri. Kwa mitundu yonse iwiriyi yothandizira, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi yomwe imatha kugwedezeka kumbali imodzi ndikukhala yotayika.Chisamaliro chiyenera kulipidwa kutalika kwa mpumulo wa phazi.Ngati kuthandizira phazi kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, chiuno cha chiuno chidzakhala. chachikulu kwambiri, ndipo kulemera kochulukirapo kudzayikidwa pa ischial tuberosity, zomwe zingayambitse mosavuta zilonda zopanikizika kumeneko.
Backrest: Backrest imagawidwa kukhala yokwera ndi yotsika, yopendekera komanso yosasunthika. Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso amawongolera thunthu, chikuku cha olumala chokhala ndi backrest chochepa chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti wodwalayo azitha kuyenda mosiyanasiyana. Apo ayi, sankhani chikuku chakumbuyo.
Zothandizira m'chiuno kapena m'chiuno: Nthawi zambiri ndi 22.5-25cm kuposa mpando wapampando, ndipo zothandizira zina za m'chiuno zimatha kusintha kutalika kwake. Mukhozanso kuika lap board pa chithandizo cha chiuno chowerengera ndi kudya.
Kusankha chikuku
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri posankha chikuku ndi kukula kwa chikuku.Madera akuluakulu omwe ogwiritsa ntchito akunyamula kulemera kwake ali pafupi ndi ischial tuberosity ya matako, kuzungulira femur ndi kuzungulira scapula.Kukula kwa chikuku, makamaka m'lifupi mwake. mpando, kuya kwa mpando, kutalika kwa backrest, komanso ngati mtunda kuchokera pa phazi kupita ku mpando wa mpando uli woyenera, zidzakhudza kuyenda kwa magazi kwa mpando kumene wokwerayo amaika kupanikizika, ndipo angayambitse kuphulika kwa khungu komanso ngakhale kupanikizika kwa zilonda.Kuonjezera apo, chitetezo cha wodwalayo, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito, kulemera kwa chikuku, malo ogwiritsira ntchito, maonekedwe ndi zina ziyenera kuganiziridwa.
Zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha:
Mpando m'lifupi:Yezerani mtunda wapakati pa matako kapena khwangwala mukakhala pansi. Onjezani 5cm, ndiko kuti, padzakhala kusiyana kwa 2.5cm kumbali zonsezo mutakhala pansi.Mpandowo ndi wopapatiza kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulowa ndi kutuluka panjinga ya olumala, ndipo matako ndi ntchafu zimapanikizidwa; ndi lalitali kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kukhala molimba, zimakhala zovuta kuyendetsa njinga ya olumala, miyendo yanu idzatopa mosavuta, ndipo zidzakhala zovuta kulowa mkati. kunja kwa khomo.
Kutalika kwa mpando:Yezerani mtunda wopingasa kuchokera ku chiuno chakumbuyo kupita ku minofu ya gastrocnemius ya mwana wa ng'ombe mukakhala pansi.Chotsani 6.5cm kuchokera muyeso. m'deralo; Ngati mpando uli wautali kwambiri, udzakakamiza popliteal fossa, zimakhudza kayendedwe ka magazi, komanso kukwiyitsa khungu m'derali. ntchafu kapena odwala ndi chiuno kapena bondo flexion contractures, ndi bwino ntchito yochepa mpando.
Kutalika kwa mpando:Yezerani mtunda kuchokera pachidendene (kapena chidendene) kupita ku popliteal fossa mukakhala pansi, ndikuwonjezera 4cm. Mukayika phazi, bolodi liyenera kukhala osachepera 5cm kuchokera pansi. Ngati mpando uli wokwera kwambiri, chikuku sichingalowe patebulo; ngati mpando uli wotsika kwambiri, Mafupa okhala pansi amalemera kwambiri.
Khushoni:Kuti mutonthozedwe komanso kuti mupewe zilonda zapabedi, ma cushion ayenera kuikidwa pamipando ya olumala.Mipando yapampando wamba imaphatikizapo ma cushioni a mphira a thovu (wokhuthala 5-10 cm) kapena ma cushioni a gel. Kuti mpando usagwe, plywood ya 0.6 cm wandiweyani imatha kuyikidwa pansi pa mpando.
Mpando kumbuyo kutalika: Mpando wapamwamba wammbuyo, umakhala wokhazikika, m'munsi kumbuyo, ndikuyenda kwakukulu kwa thupi lakumwamba ndi miyendo yapamwamba.
Low backrest:Yezerani mtunda kuchokera pamalo okhala mpaka kukhwapa (ndi mkono umodzi kapena onse otambasulira kutsogolo), ndikuchotsani 10cm pazotsatira izi.
Mpando wapamwamba kumbuyo: Yezerani kutalika kwenikweni kuchokera pamalo okhala mpaka pamapewa kapena kumbuyo.
Kutalika kwa Armrest:Mukakhala pansi, ndi manja anu akumtunda akuwongoka ndipo manja anu ali osasunthika pamtunda, yesani kutalika kuchokera pampando mpaka kumapeto kwa manja anu, onjezerani 2.5cm. thupi lapamwamba kuti liikidwe pamalo abwino.Zopumira zam'manja ndizokwera kwambiri ndipo manja apamwamba amakakamizika kukwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala otopa. Ngati armrest ili yotsika kwambiri, muyenera kutsamira thupi lanu lakumtunda kuti musunge bwino, zomwe sizimangokhalira kutopa komanso zimatha kusokoneza kupuma.
Zida zina zama wheelchair:Izo zapangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za odwala apadera, monga kuonjezera mikangano pamwamba pa chogwirira, kukulitsa chonyamulira, zipangizo zotsutsana ndi kugwedezeka, kuyika zothandizira m'chiuno pazitsulo, kapena matebulo aku wheelchair kuti athandize odwala kudya ndi kulemba, ndi zina zotero. .
Kukonza chikuku
Musanagwiritse ntchito njinga ya olumala komanso pasanathe mwezi umodzi, fufuzani ngati mabawuti ali omasuka. Ngati ali omasuka, akhwimitseni munthawi yake. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito bwino, fufuzani miyezi itatu iliyonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti zigawo zonse zili bwino. Yang'anani mtedza wamphamvu wosiyanasiyana panjinga ya olumala (makamaka mtedza wokhazikika wa ekisi yakumbuyo). Ngati apezeka kuti ndi omasuka, amafunika kusinthidwa ndikumangika pakapita nthawi.
Ngati chikuku chikukumana ndi mvula panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, chiyenera kupukuta panthawi yake. Zipando zoyendera zimayenera kupukuta pafupipafupi ndi nsalu yofewa yowuma ndikukutidwa ndi sera yoletsa dzimbiri kuti chikukucho chikhale chowala komanso chokongola kwa nthawi yayitali.
Yang'anani mayendedwe pafupipafupi, kusinthasintha kwa makina ozungulira, ndikuyika mafuta. Ngati pazifukwa zina gudumu la 24-inchi liyenera kuchotsedwa, onetsetsani kuti mtedzawo ndi wothina komanso wosamasuka poikanso.
Maboti olumikizira pampando wapampando wa olumala ndi omasuka ndipo sayenera kumangika.
Gulu la zikuku
General wheelchair
Monga momwe dzinali likusonyezera, ndi chikuku chogulitsidwa ndi masitolo ogulitsa zipangizo zamankhwala. Ndi pafupifupi mawonekedwe a mpando. Ili ndi mawilo anayi, gudumu lakumbuyo ndi lalikulu, ndipo gudumu lokankhira pamanja limawonjezedwa. Brake imawonjezedwa ku gudumu lakumbuyo. Gudumu lakutsogolo ndi laling'ono, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito powongolera. Ndikuwonjezera chowongolera kumbuyo.
Nthawi zambiri, mipando ya olumala imakhala yopepuka ndipo imatha kupindika ndikuyiyika kutali.
Ndioyenera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lililonse kapena zovuta zanthawi yayitali. Sikoyenera kukhala kwa nthawi yayitali.
Pankhani ya zipangizo, akhoza kugawidwa mu: chitsulo chitoliro kuphika (kulemera 40-50 makilogalamu), chitsulo chitoliro electroplating (kulemera 40-50 makilogalamu), zotayidwa aloyi (kulemera 20-30 makilogalamu), Azamlengalenga zotayidwa aloyi (kulemera 15) -30 catties), aluminium-magnesium alloy (kulemera pakati pa 15-30 catties)
Wapa njinga ya olumala
Malingana ndi momwe wodwalayo alili, pali zipangizo zambiri zosiyana, monga kulimbitsa mphamvu zonyamula katundu, mipando yapadera ya mipando kapena backrests, makina othandizira khosi, miyendo yosinthika, matebulo ochotsamo ndi zina.
Popeza amatchedwa opangidwa mwapadera, mtengo wake ndi wosiyana kwambiri. Pakugwiritsa ntchito, zimakhalanso zovuta chifukwa chazinthu zambiri. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi miyendo yolimba kapena yolimba kapena torso deformation.
Chikuku chamagetsi
Ndi chikuku chokhala ndi mota yamagetsi
Kutengera ndi njira yowongolera, pali zogwedera, mitu, zowombera ndi zoyamwa, ndi masiwichi amtundu wina.
Kwa iwo omwe pamapeto pake ali olumala kwambiri kapena akufunika kusuntha mtunda wokulirapo, bola ngati luso lawo lachidziwitso lili bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito chikuku chamagetsi ndi chisankho chabwino, koma pamafunika malo okulirapo oyenda.
Zipando zapadera (zamasewera).
Chikupu chopangidwa mwapadera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera osangalatsa kapena mpikisano.
Zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo kuthamanga kapena basketball, ndipo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito povina ndizofala kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, zopepuka komanso zolimba ndizomwe zimapangidwira, ndipo zida zambiri zapamwamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi mawonekedwe a njinga za olumala zosiyanasiyana
Pali mitundu yambiri ya njinga za olumala pamsika pano. Atha kugawidwa muzitsulo zotayidwa, zopepuka komanso zitsulo malinga ndi zida. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kugawidwa mu mipando wamba ndi mipando yapadera malinga ndi type.Special wheelchairs akhoza kugawidwa mu: zosangalatsa masewera chikuku mndandanda, electronic wheelchair mndandanda, mpando-mbali dongosolo chikuku, etc.
Wamba wama wheelchair
Amapangidwa makamaka ndi wheelchair chimango, mawilo, mabuleki ndi zipangizo zina
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito:
Anthu omwe ali ndi zolemala za m'munsi, hemiplegia, paraplegia pansi pa chifuwa ndi okalamba omwe alibe kuyenda.
Mawonekedwe:
- Odwala amatha kugwira ntchito zokhazikika kapena zochotseka okha
- Chokhazikika kapena chochotsa footrest
- Itha kupindika kuti inyamule mukatuluka kapena ngati simukugwiritsidwa ntchito
Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mitengo, amagawidwa kukhala:
Mpando wolimba, mpando wofewa, matayala a pneumatic kapena matayala olimba. Pakati pawo: mipando ya olumala yokhala ndi zida zokhazikika komanso zopondaponda zokhazikika ndizotsika mtengo.
Wapa njinga ya olumala
Chifukwa chachikulu ndi chakuti ili ndi ntchito zokwanira. Sichida chokhacho choyenda kwa anthu olumala komanso anthu omwe ali ndi zochepa zoyenda, komanso ali ndi ntchito zina.
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito:
Opunduka kwambiri ndi okalamba, ofooka ndi odwala
Mawonekedwe:
- Kumbuyo kwa chikuku choyenda ndi chokwera ngati mutu wa wokwerayo, wokhala ndi zopumira zochotseka komanso zopindika za phazi. Ma pedals amatha kukwezedwa ndikutsitsa ndikuzungulira madigiri 90, ndipo bulaketi imatha kusinthidwa kukhala yopingasa.
- Mbali ya backrest imatha kusinthidwa m'magawo kapena mosalekeza kumlingo uliwonse (wofanana ndi bedi). Wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kupumula panjinga ya olumala, ndipo chopumira chamutu chimathanso kuchotsedwa.
Chikuku chamagetsi
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito:
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu a paraplegia kapena hemiplegia omwe amatha kulamulira ndi dzanja limodzi.
Chipinda cha olumala chamagetsi chimayendetsedwa ndi batire ndipo chimakhala ndi kupirira kwa makilomita pafupifupi 20 pamtengo umodzi. Kodi ili ndi chipangizo chowongolera dzanja limodzi. Ikhoza kupita patsogolo, kumbuyo ndi kutembenuka. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba ndi kunja. Mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-09-2024