Ndi chitukuko chopitilira cha ukadaulo wopanga okosijeni, mpweya wamankhwala wasintha kuchoka pa mpweya woyambirira wamafakitale kupita ku mpweya wamadzimadzi kenako kupita ku mpweya wopangidwa ndi mphamvu yothamanga (PSA) yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito panopa. Njira yoperekera okosijeni yasinthanso kuchokera pa mpweya wolunjika kuchokera ku botolo limodzi kupita ku dongosolo loperekera okosijeni lokhazikika. Pakadali pano, makina operekera okosijeni okhazikika, makina opopera pakati, ndi makina opopera mpweya akhala njira zitatu zofunika kwambiri zoperekera mpweya m'zipatala zamakono.
Mpweya wa okosijeni ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito za kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi la munthu komanso chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa moyo wa munthu. Kuwonjezera mpweya wa okosijeni kungathandize kuti thupi la munthu likhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso lachilengedwe komanso kuti kagayidwe kachakudya kakhale koyenera, motero kumathandiza kuti matenda azitha kuchira, kuchepetsa zizindikiro, kulimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi, komanso kulimbitsa thanzi.
Choncho, mpweya umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazachipatala, makamaka popereka chithandizo choyamba kwa odwala omwe akudwala kwambiri komanso omwe avulala mwangozi, ndipo kupezeka kwa mpweya kwakhala chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'mabungwe azachipatala.
Mbiri ya chitukuko cha dongosolo loperekera mpweya m'zipatala
Kupereka mpweya mwachindunji m'botolo limodzi
Kupereka mpweya mwachindunji kuchokera m'botolo limodzi ndi njira yachikhalidwe yoperekera mpweya m'zipatala, ndipo njira iyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse popereka mpweya m'mafakitale. Popeza mpweya m'mafakitale nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mpweya woipa ndipo khoma lamkati la silinda limachita dzimbiri, mpweyawo umakhala ndi fungo loseketsa. Ukagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala, umapangitsa odwala kutsokomola ndikuwonjezera zizindikiro za kupuma.
Chifukwa chake, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti anthu ali ndi thanzi labwino, China yasintha miyezo ya mpweya wabwino wamankhwala.
Mpweya wa okosijeni wapakati
Kupereka mpweya wa okosijeni, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kupereka mpweya wapakati, ndi njira yamakono yoperekera mpweya yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. China idapanga njira yoyamba yoperekera mpweya wapakati mu 1983, yakhala ikukwezedwa kwambiri ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mizinda ikuluikulu ndi yapakatikati. Pakadali pano, zipatala zonse za pamlingo winawake zagwiritsa ntchito njira yoperekera mpweya wapakati. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yoperekera mpweya wamankhwala yopangidwa ndi njira yoperekera mpweya wapakati, njira yopezera mpweya wapakati ndi njira yoponderezedwa yakhala pulojekiti yofunika kumanga ndi kukonzanso nyumba m'zipatala komanso pulojekiti yofunikira kuti zipatala zisinthe.
Ukadaulo wopereka mpweya wapakati ungathandize kukweza mulingo wa zamankhwala m'zipatala, kulola odwala kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi yake, motero kupulumutsa miyoyo yambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, popeza zida zaukadaulo wopereka mpweya wapakati zimakhala zokhazikika, zimathandiza kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka zipatala zamakono.
Makamaka, zinthu zotsatirazi zikuwonetsedwa:
- Chitoliro choperekera mpweya wa okosijeni chili ndi mphamvu yochepa ndipo chili ndi zida zambiri zotetezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale chotetezeka komanso chodalirika.
- Kupereka mpweya wa okosijeni pakati sikufuna kuti masilindala a okosijeni azinyamulidwa kupita nawo kuchipinda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusungira ndi kunyamula zinthu zikhale zosavuta.
- Dongosolo loperekera mpweya wa okosijeni lokhazikika lili ndi mphamvu yokwanira yoperekera mpweya, mphamvu yayikulu, kupanikizika kokhazikika, ndipo limapereka mpweya wochuluka wopitilira.
- Cholumikizira mpweya chopumira mpweya chapakati chimayikidwa mwachindunji m'chipinda chochitira opaleshoni, chipinda chadzidzidzi ndi m'mawodi a wodi iliyonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya upumire mpweya ukhale wosavuta, wosavuta, wotetezeka komanso wodalirika.
- Kupereka mpweya wabwino m'malo ogwirira ntchito limodzi kungathandize kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito yoyang'anira mpweya wabwino, motero kungathandize kwambiri pazachuma.
Dongosolo loperekera mpweya m'chipatala limakhala ndi gwero la mpweya, mapaipi a mpweya, valavu ndi zida zokhala ndi malo opumulirako. Pakadali pano, busbar, mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi pressure swing adsorption (PSA) oxygen concentrator nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la mpweya m'nyumba ndi kunja.
Malo osungiramo mabasi
Dongosolo loperekera mpweya wa Busbar limapangidwa makamaka ndi ma silinda awiri a mpweya wothamanga kwambiri (limodzi lopereka mpweya ndi lina losungira). Lili ndi busbar, gulu la zida zowongolera zokha/manja, ma alarm a mawu ndi kuwala, zida zochepetsera ndi kukhazikika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, chitoliro ndi zowonjezera. Pamene mpweya wa okosijeni watsala pang'ono kutha, busbar imatha kusintha yokha kupita ku backup oxygen supply.
Chipangizo chowongolera chili ndi choyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya, chipangizo chowongolera mpweya, ndi makina ochenjeza ndi magetsi owonetsa momwe mpweya umagwirira ntchito ndikukumbutsa wogwiritsa ntchito kusintha silinda ya mpweya yotha. Ngati chipangizo chowongolera chokha chalephera, chipangizo chochepetsera kuthamanga kwa mpweya komanso chokhazikika cha mpweya chidzayamba kugwira ntchito kuti chitsimikizire kuti kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumakhala kokhazikika.
Mpweya wamadzimadzi
Dongosolo lochokera ku mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wamadzimadzi ngati gwero la mpweya limapangidwa makamaka ndi thanki yamadzimadzi ya okosijeni, chotenthetsera mpweya, chipangizo chochepetsera kupanikizika ndi chipangizo chochenjeza. Mpweya wamadzimadzi umawonjezedwa kuchokera ku thanki yamadzimadzi ya okosijeni ya galimoto yonyamula katundu kupita ku thanki yamadzimadzi ya okosijeni ya dongosolo loperekera mpweya wamadzimadzi pogwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa kupanikizika pakati pa mkati ndi kunja kwa thanki yamadzimadzi ya okosijeni. Thanki yamadzimadzi ya okosijeni ndi chotchingira kupanikizika kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kutentha kochepa komwe kumafunika kwa madzi.
Kutentha kwa mpweya wamadzimadzi kumakwera kwambiri pamene ukudutsa mu vaporizer, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya utuluke. Mpweya wotentha kwambiri umachepetsedwa ndi chipangizo chochepetsera kupanikizika kenako umatumizidwa kunja mpweya utatha kukhazikika. Pali matanki awiri amadzimadzi a oxygen mu dongosolo, limodzi lopereka mpweya ndi lina lothandizira; thanki yamadzimadzi ya oxygen ndi busbar zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito limodzi, ndipo thanki yamadzimadzi ya oxygen imapereka mpweya ndi busbar zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zothandizira.
Kaperekedwe ka mpweya wa PSA wachipatala
Dongosolo loperekera mpweya la chipangizo choyezera mpweya cha PSA chachipatala limapangidwa makamaka ndi choyezera mpweya ndi chowumitsira, fyuluta, choyezera mpweya, thanki yosungira mpweya, mapaipi ndi zowonjezera. Ngati kudzaza mpweya kukufunika pa masilinda a mpweya, ndipo choyezera mpweya ndi malo odzaza mpweya zitha kukhazikitsidwa. Chopangira mpweya cha PSA chimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopanga mpweya wothira mpweya kuti chipeze mpweya woyera wa ≥ 90% womwe ukugwirizana ndi miyezo ya mpweya wachipatala.
Ukadaulo wopanga mpweya wothira mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosankha yothira mpweya ndi nayitrogeni pogwiritsa ntchito ma sieve a zeolite molecular, komanso makhalidwe omwe mphamvu yothira mpweya imawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi kuchepa ndi kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi. Imathira nayitrogeni pansi pa mikhalidwe yopanikizika kuti iwonjezere mpweya; imathira nayitrogeni pansi pa mikhalidwe yocheperako, ndikubwezeretsanso sieve ya mamolekyu nthawi yomweyo. Kuzungulira kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti mpweya ndi nayitrogeni zilekanitsidwe komanso kuti mpweya upangidwe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito majenereta a mpweya wa PSA azachipatala kumatha kukhazikitsidwa ngati gawo limodzi kapena awiriawiri. Mu kasinthidwe ka gawo limodzi, seti imodzi ya zida zopangira mpweya imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo busbar ya mpweya wa okosijeni imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira. Panthawi yofunikira kwambiri kwa mpweya, mpweya wa okosijeni umawonjezeredwa kudzera mu busbar, yomwe ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yotetezeka komanso yodalirika. Mu kasinthidwe ka mayunitsi awiriawiri, magulu awiri a zida zopangira mpweya wa okosijeni amakonzedwa, zomwe ndizosavuta kuyimitsa ndi kukonza, ndipo pali busbar ya mpweya wa okosijeni yosungira ngati chitsimikizo, yomwe ndi yotetezeka komanso yothandiza kwambiri.
Kuyerekeza kosavuta
Kupereka mpweya wa Busbar kumafuna kugula masilinda a mpweya wamankhwala nthawi zonse, omwe ndi ovuta kuwanyamula, kuwasamalira ndi kuwasamalira, ndipo masilinda amafunika kukonzedwa nthawi zonse.
Mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi wabwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mabasi, ndi ubwino wa mayendedwe ambiri, kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri, nthawi yochepa yothandizira, komanso mtengo wotsika wa mpweya. Thanki yosungira mpweya wamadzimadzi ya 3.65m3, yodzazidwa ndi mpweya wamadzimadzi komanso yokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, imatha kupanga mpweya wa 3000m3, womwe umafuna masilinda achitsulo 500, ndipo kulemera kwa masilinda achitsulo okha ndi pafupifupi 30t.
Matanki osungira mpweya wamadzimadzi amafunika kudzazidwa kamodzi kapena kawiri pamwezi, koma zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito panthawi yodzaza zimakhala zambiri, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuvomerezedwa kuti agwire ntchito, kuyang'ana kuthamanga kwa mpweya tsiku lililonse, ndikuyang'ana ndikusamalira zida nthawi zonse. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi yovuta.
Chopangira mpweya wa PSA chachipatala chimapanga mpweya wa okosijeni pamalopo ndipo chimakhazikitsa malo akeake odziyimira pawokha opangira mpweya. Sichifuna kunyamula mpweya wa okosijeni ndipo sichimaletsedwa ndi gwero lachiwiri la mpweya. Zipangizozi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zokha popanda kusintha pafupipafupi komanso kuwerengera. Ndi zotetezeka, zosavuta komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Palibe zida zina zothandizira zomwe zimafunikira, ndipo mpweya wa okosijeni woyenerera ungalowe mwachindunji mu dongosolo la mapaipi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti oyang'anira chipatala akhale asayansi komanso anzeru.
Kuyerekeza chitetezo
Kupanikizika kwa okosijeni mu silinda ya okosijeni yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka okosijeni ya busbar ndi kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri 15MPa (150 atmospheres), zomwe zingayambitse kuphulika ngati zikukumana ndi kugwedezeka kwamphamvu ndi kugundana. Ubwino ndi chiyero cha okosijeni mu silinda ya okosijeni sizili pansi pa ulamuliro wa wogwiritsa ntchito.
Mpweya wamadzimadzi ndiye chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa chitetezo. Mpweya wambiri wamadzimadzi umasungidwa mu thanki yosungiramo mpweya wamadzimadzi. Kutentha kwa mpweya wamadzimadzi kumakhala kotsika kwambiri (-183°C), ndipo mpweya ndi chinthu choyaka kwambiri. Mukatulutsa madzi, zotsatira zake zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, dongosolo la mpweya wamadzimadzi limafunika kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Ngati diski yosaphulika pa thanki ya mpweya wamadzimadzi ikaphulika kapena valavu yotulutsa mpweya ikadumphira mu utsi, zikutanthauza kuti vacuum ya pakati pa thanki ya mpweya wamadzimadzi yawonongeka ndipo iyenera kukonzedwa ndikusinthidwanso.
Ndikoopsa kuyika matanki amadzimadzi a okosijeni m'zipatala zokhala anthu ambiri. Mpweya wamadzimadzi umataya madzi nthawi zambiri akamanyamula ndi kulongedza, ndipo ngakhale mafuta ochepa angayambitse moto, zomwe zingabweretse ngozi.
Makina opangira mpweya wa PSA wachipatala amagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwabwinobwino komanso kuthamanga pang'ono (20°C-40°C, 6-8 atmospheres). Palibe zinthu zowopsa kwenikweni ndipo ndiyo njira yotetezeka kwambiri mwa njira zitatu zoperekera mpweya. Makina opangira mpweya wa okosijeni nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi gwero la mpweya wa busbar kuti atsimikizire kuti mpweya wapezeka ngati magetsi azima, kuzimitsa, kapena pamene kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa okosijeni kwawonjezeka mwadzidzidzi kwa nthawi ndithu ndikupitirira kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopangidwa ndi okosijeni.
Kuyerekeza zachuma
Dongosolo la busbar limagwiritsa ntchito masilinda a okosijeni, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'zipatala. Chomwe chikufunika kuchita ndikukonza masilindawo kenako nkuwalumikiza, motero kusunga ndalama zoyambira.
Kusankha njira yopezera mpweya
Popeza kupereka mpweya wa busbar kumafuna ndalama zochepa poyamba, m'zipatala zina zazing'ono ndi zapakati, zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zochepa zolandirira odwala komanso kusowa kwa ndalama, kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa busbar ndiyo njira yothandiza komanso yotsika mtengo kwambiri. Poganizira za ntchito zachuma kwa nthawi yayitali, jenereta ya mpweya wa PSA kuchipatala ndiyo njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yoperekera mpweya. Dongosololi lili ndi chitetezo chambiri ndipo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda anthu komanso kuyendetsedwa mwanjira yamakono. Ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri m'zipatala zamakono.
Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano, zipatala zazikulu ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosungira mpweya wa PSA m'zipatala kuti zipereke mpweya. Nthawi yomweyo, popeza zosungira mpweya wa PSA sizifuna mpweya wina ndipo zimatha kupereka mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse ndi magetsi okha, ndizoyeneranso kumadera ena akutali ndi madera omwe mayendedwe awo ndi ovuta.
Mapaipi ndi ma terminal a dongosolo
Mpweya wa okosijeni umatengedwa kuchokera ku malo operekera mpweya kupita ku chipinda chilichonse (chipinda chogona, chipinda chochitira opaleshoni, malo opulumutsira anthu, chipatala chakunja, ndi zina zotero). Pambuyo pokhazikika kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumakhala 0.1-0.4MPs (kosinthika). Kutentha kozungulira payipi ya mpweya sikuyenera kupitirira 70°C.
Malawi otseguka ndi madontho a mafuta ndizoletsedwa kwambiri pafupi ndi mapaipi kapena ma valve. Mapaipi operekera okosijeni amatha kupangidwa ndi mapaipi amkuwa kapena mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Choyamba ndi chotsika mtengo ndipo ndi chinthu chomwe chimakondedwa ndi miyezo ya dziko lonse.
Pambuyo poti chubu cha okosijeni chilowe m'chipinda chosungiramo mpweya, chimalumikizidwa ku mbale yolumikizira magetsi (yomwe imatchedwanso lamba wochiritsira). Mbale yolumikizira magetsi ndi njira yotsogolera mawaya osiyanasiyana komanso kusonkhanitsa zigawo zosiyanasiyana zolumikizira magetsi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-09-2025