Kufunika kwa "kupuma" ndi "mpweya"
1. Gwero la mphamvu: "injini" yomwe imayendetsa thupi
Iyi ndiyo ntchito yaikulu ya mpweya. Matupi athu amafunika mphamvu kuti achite zinthu zonse, kuyambira kugunda kwa mtima, kuganiza mpaka kuyenda ndi kuthamanga.
2. Kusunga ntchito zoyambira za thupi: mfundo yofunika kwambiri pa moyo
Thupi limakhala ndi ntchito zambiri zofunika zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse ndipo zimadalira mphamvu yopitilira, zomwe sizingatheke popanda mpweya.
- Ntchito ya ubongoUbongo ndiye likulu la thupi. Ngakhale kuti umangopanga 2% yokha ya kulemera kwa thupi, umadya 20%-25% ya mpweya wa thupi. Pambuyo pa mphindi zochepa chabe za kusowa kwa mpweya, maselo a ubongo amayamba kuwonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azungulire, asokonezeke, komanso awonongeke kosatha.
- Kugunda kwa mtima: Mtima ndi minofu yomwe imagwira ntchito nthawi zonse, ikupopa magazi okhala ndi mpweya m'thupi lonse. Minofu ya mtima imafuna mpweya wambiri kuti ipitirize kupindika. Kusowa kwa mpweya kungayambitse matenda a mtima, angina, komanso matenda a mtima (myocardial infarction).
- Kagayidwe kachakudya: Njira zonse za mankhwala m'thupi zomwe zimachirikiza moyo, monga kugaya chakudya, kukonza minofu, ndi kuchotsa zinyalala, zimafuna mphamvu kuti ziyendetse ndipo motero zimadalira mpweya m'njira ina.
3. Kusunga bata la mkati mwa thupi: "mbuye wa kulinganiza bwino" kwa thupi
Mpweya wa okosijeni ndi wofunikira kuti thupi likhale ndi malo okhazikika a mankhwala.
- Kulinganiza kwa asidi ndi maziko: Kagayidwe ka maselo kamatulutsa zinyalala za asidi (monga carbonic acid). Mpweya wa okosijeni umathandiza kusunga pH ya magazi ndi madzi amthupi mkati mwa malo ochepa komanso okhazikika, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti ma enzyme ndi maselo azigwira ntchito bwino.
- Chitetezo cha mthupi: Chitetezo cha mthupi cha munthu, makamaka maselo ena a chitetezo cha mthupi (monga macrophages), chimapanga kuchuluka kwa "mitundu ya okosijeni yogwira ntchito" yochulukitsa okosijeni ngati zida zikameza ndi kuwononga mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi tizilombo tina toyambitsa matenda. Kuchita bwino kwa njirayi kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya.
Kwa iwo omwe akufunikira thandizo lowonjezera la okosijeni, matanki achikhalidwe a okosijeni ndi olemera, amafunika kusinthidwa, ndipo amaika pachiwopsezo chitetezo. Ndiye, kodi pali njira yabwino komanso yokhazikika?
Inde, chimenecho ndi chipangizo chosungira mpweya - chipangizo chanzeru chomwe chimatulutsa mpweya kuchokera mumlengalenga wotizungulira. "Taganizirani za chipangizo chosungira mpweya ngati fyuluta yanzeru kwambiri ya mpweya. Chimatenga mpweya wabwino, chimasefa mpweya wosafunikira, ndikukusiyirani mpweya wabwino kwambiri kuti mupume."
"Chiwalo" cha okosijeni
1. Fyuluta ya mpweya: "Mzere woyamba wodzitetezera," womwe umayang'anira kuchotsa fumbi, zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo ndi tinthu tina mumlengalenga.
2. Chokometsera: "Mtima wa makina", womwe umayang'anira kupanikizika kwa mpweya wopumidwa.
3. Sefa ya mamolekyulu: "Gawo lamatsenga," lodzaza ndi tinthu tapadera totchedwa zeolites zomwe zimayamwa nayitrogeni bwino kwambiri.
4. Tanki yosungiramo gasi/thanki yosungiramo mpweya: imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungira mpweya woyeretsedwa kuti mpweya utuluke bwino.
5. Choyezera mpweya ndi kannula ya mpweya wa m'mphuno: Chowongolera cha ogwiritsa ntchito chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kayendedwe ka mpweya wofunikira ndikutumiza mpweya kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Zamatsenga za "mpweya wosandulika mpweya"
1. Kupuma ndi kusefa
Makinawa amakoka mpweya wozungulira kuchokera mchipindamo (pafupifupi 78% nayitrogeni, 21% mpweya). Monga momwe timapumira mpweya wakuya.
2. Kupsinjika
Chokometsera chimakanikizira mpweya woyamwa, Konzekerani njira yotsatira yolekanitsira.
3. Kulekana
Mpweya wopanikizika umalowetsedwa mu gawo la sieve ya mamolekyulu, tinthu ta zeolite timagwira ntchito ngati "maginito a nayitrogeni" amphamvu, omwe amakopa mamolekyu a nayitrogeni mumlengalenga pomwe amalola mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono a okosijeni kudutsa. Chomwe chimachokera kumapeto ena a sieve ya mamolekyulu ndi mpweya wokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 90%-95%.
4. Kutulutsa ndi kuzungulira
(Mpweya wotuluka): Mpweya woyeretsedwa kwambiri umalowetsedwa mu thanki ya gasi kenako umaperekedwa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito kudzera mu flow meter ndi pamphuno ya mpweya wa oxygen.
(Utsi wa Nayitrogeni): Nthawi yomweyo, nsanja ina ya molekyulu yosefera imatulutsa nayitrogeni wothira madzi (womwe ndi wopanda vuto) mlengalenga mwa kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa madzi. Nsanja ziwirizi zimazungulira kudzera muukadaulo wothira madzi wothira madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya utuluke mosalekeza.
Zili ngati antchito awiri akugwira ntchito mosinthana, mmodzi akusefa mpweya pomwe winayo akutsuka "zinyalala" (nayitrogeni), motero amapeza mpweya wokwanira maola 24 pa sabata, masiku 7 pa sabata.
Kuyenda kwa Mpweya vs. Kuyenda Kosalekeza
1.Kuyenda Kosalekeza: Imapereka mpweya nthawi zonse ngati mtsinje wosalekeza. Yabwino kwa ogona kapena ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amafunikira mpweya wopitirira.
2.Kuyenda kwa Mapaipi: Mwanzeru. Mpweya wochuluka umatuluka pokhapokha ngati wogwiritsa ntchito akupuma. Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ndipo zimawonjezera nthawi ya batri ya chipangizo chosungira mpweya chonyamulika.
Malangizo ofunikira achitetezo
1. Zosungira mpweya wa okosijeni zimapereka mpweya wochuluka, osati mpweya weniweni. Izi ndi zotetezeka ndipo zikugwirizana ndi miyezo yachipatala.
2. Nthawi zonse funsani dokotala wanu musanagwiritse ntchito chosungira mpweya. Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani ngati mukufuna mpweya wowonjezera, komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya wofunikira (LPM) ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wokwanira.
3. Sungani mpweya wokwanira mozungulira chipangizocho ndikuyeretsa kapena kusintha zosefera nthawi zonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-17-2025