Ma wheelchairs ndi zida zofunika kwambiri pochiza matenda, zomwe zimathandiza anthu omwe akuvutika kuyenda kapena kuyenda okha. Amapereka chithandizo chothandiza kwa anthu omwe akuchira kuvulala, omwe akukhala ndi matenda omwe amakhudza miyendo yawo, kapena omwe akusintha momwe amayendera. Mwa kubwezeretsa ufulu woyenda, ma wheelchairs amathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kupezanso ufulu wawo m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku - kaya ndi kuyenda m'nyumba zawo, kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika za anthu ammudzi, kapena kupitiriza ulendo wawo wochira mwaulemu.
Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane za kuopsa komwe njinga ya olumala yosayenera ingabweretse kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.
- Kupanikizika kwakukulu kwapafupi
- Khalani ndi kaimidwe koipa
- Zimayambitsa scoliosis
- Zimayambitsa contracture ya ma joints
(Kodi mipando ya olumala yosayenerera ndi iti: mpando ndi wochepa kwambiri, osati wamtali mokwanira, mpando ndi waukulu kwambiri, osati wamtali mokwanira)
Mukagwiritsa ntchito njinga ya olumala, malo omwe thupi lanu limakumana ndi mavuto ndi pamene thupi lanu limagona motsatira mpando ndi kumbuyo - monga pansi pa mafupa anu a mpando, kumbuyo kwa mawondo, ndi kumbuyo kwa msana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuyenera koyenera ndikofunikira: njinga ya olumala yomwe imagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a thupi lanu imathandiza kugawa kulemera mofanana, kupewa kuyabwa kwa khungu kapena zilonda zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kukanda kapena kupanikizika kosalekeza. Taganizirani ngati kukhala pampando wolimba kwa maola ambiri - ngati pamwamba pake sikugwirizana ndi ma curve anu achilengedwe, zingayambitse kupweteka kapena ngakhale mawanga osawoneka bwino pakapita nthawi. Nthawi zonse yang'anani mfundo zofunika izi posankha njinga ya olumala kuti muwonetsetse kuti imakusamalirani bwino.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mpando wa olumala?
- M'lifupi mwa mpando
Yesani mtunda pakati pa matako kapena ntchafu mukakhala pansi, ndipo onjezerani 5cm, pali mpata wa 2.5cm mbali iliyonse mutakhala pansi. Ngati mpando uli wopapatiza kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kulowa ndi kutuluka mu wheelchair, ndipo matako ndi ntchafu zimakanikizidwa; ngati mpando uli waukulu kwambiri, sikophweka kukhala pansi mosalekeza, sikophweka kuyendetsa wheelchair, miyendo yakumtunda imatopa mosavuta, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kulowa ndi kutuluka pakhomo.
- Kutalika kwa mpando
Yesani mtunda wopingasa kuchokera ku matako kupita ku gastrocnemius yamphongo mukakhala pansi, ndikuchotsa 6.5cm kuchokera ku zotsatira zomwe mwayeza. Ngati mpando ndi waufupi kwambiri, kulemera kwa thupi kumagwera makamaka pa ischium, zomwe zingayambitse kupanikizika kwakukulu pamalopo. Ngati mpando ndi wautali kwambiri, udzachepetsa malo ozungulira, zomwe zimakhudza kuyenda kwa magazi m'deralo ndikukwiyitsa khungu mosavuta m'derali. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi ntchafu zazifupi kwambiri kapena mawondo otambalala, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mpando waufupi.
- Kutalika kwa mpando
Mukasintha mipando ya olumala, yambani poyesa kuyambira pa chidendene chanu (kapena chidendene cha nsapato) kupita ku chopindika chachilengedwe pansi pa chiuno chanu mutakhala pansi, kenako onjezerani 4cm pa muyeso uwu ngati kutalika kwa maziko. Onetsetsani kuti mbale yopumira mapazi ili osachepera 5cm pamwamba pa nthaka. Kupeza kutalika koyenera kwa mpando ndikofunikira - ngati ndi yayitali kwambiri, olumala sangalowe pansi pa matebulo bwino, ndipo ngati ndi yotsika kwambiri, chiuno chanu chidzakhala ndi kulemera kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kusasangalala pakapita nthawi.
- Mpando wopumulira
Kuti mpando ukhale womasuka komanso wotetezeka, uyenera kukhala wotetezedwa. Rabala ya thovu (yokhuthala 5-10cm) kapena mapepala a gel angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuti mpando usamire, plywood yokhuthala ya 0.6cm ikhoza kuyikidwa pansi pa tsinde la mpando.
- Kutalika kwa malo opumulira kumbuyo
Chipinda cham'mbuyo chikakhala chachikulu, chimakhala chokhazikika, ndipo chipinda cham'mbuyo chikakhala chotsika, thupi lapamwamba ndi miyendo yapamwamba zimakhala ndi mayendedwe ambiri. Chomwe chimatchedwa low backrest ndi kuyeza mtunda kuchokera pampando kupita ku kwapa (mkono umodzi kapena yonse yotambasulidwa patsogolo), ndikuchotsa 10cm kuchokera ku resut iyi. Chipinda cham'mbuyo chapamwamba: yesani kutalika kwenikweni kuchokera pampando kupita ku phewa kapena kumbuyo kwa mutu.
- Kutalika kwa mkono
Mukakhala pansi, sungani manja anu apamwamba ali olunjika ndipo manja anu akhale osalala pa malo oimika manja. Yesani kutalika kuchokera pampando mpaka m'mphepete mwa manja anu ndikuwonjezera 2.5cm. Kutalika koyenera kwa malo oimika manja kumathandiza kuti thupi likhale lolimba komanso lokhazikika, ndipo kumalola miyendo yakumtunda kuyikidwa pamalo abwino. Ngati malo oimika manja ali okwera kwambiri, manja akumtunda amakakamizika kukwera, zomwe zingayambitse kutopa mosavuta. Ngati malo oimika manja ali otsika kwambiri, thupi lapamwamba liyenera kuwerama patsogolo kuti likhale lolimba, zomwe sizingongoyambitsa kutopa kokha, komanso zimakhudza kupuma.
- Zovala zina za olumala
Yapangidwa kuti ikwaniritse zosowa zapadera za odwala, monga kuwonjezera pamwamba pa chogwirira, kukulitsa brake, chipangizo choletsa kugwedezeka, chipangizo choletsa kutsetsereka, choyimitsa mkono chomwe chimayikidwa pa choyimitsa mkono, ndi tebulo la olumala kuti odwala adye ndi kulemba ndi zina zotero.
Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira mukamagwiritsa ntchito mpando wa olumala
Kukankhira njinga ya olumala pamalo osalala: Munthu wokalamba ayenera kukhala pansi mwamphamvu ndikugwira ma pedal. Wosamalira ayenera kuyima kumbuyo kwa njinga ya olumala ndikuikankhira pang'onopang'ono komanso mosalekeza.
Kukankhira njinga ya olumala kukwera phiri: Mukakwera phiri, thupi liyenera kuwerama patsogolo kuti lisagwedezeke.
Kugwetsa mpando wa olumala pansi: Kugwetsa mpando wa olumala pansi, bwererani pang'ono, ndipo mulole mpando wa olumala utsike pang'ono. Tambasulani mutu ndi mapewa anu ndikutsamira kumbuyo, ndipo pemphani okalamba kuti agwire zolimba.
Kukwera masitepe: Chonde pemphani okalamba kuti atsamire kumbuyo kwa mpando ndi kugwira zogwirira ndi manja onse awiri, ndipo musadandaule.
Kanikizani chopondera cha phazi kuti mukweze gudumu lakutsogolo (gwiritsani ntchito mawilo awiri akumbuyo ngati zolumikizira kuti musunthe gudumu lakutsogolo bwino pamasitepe) ndikuchiyika pang'onopang'ono pamasitepe. Kwezani gudumu lakumbuyo pambuyo poti gudumu lakumbuyo lili pafupi ndi masitepe. Mukakweza gudumu lakumbuyo, yandikirani pafupi ndi chikuku kuti muchepetse mphamvu yokoka.
Kankhirani mpando wa olumala kumbuyo mukatsika masitepe: Tembenuzani mpando wa olumala kumbuyo mukatsika masitepe, ndipo lolani mpando wa olumala utsike pang'onopang'ono. Tambasulani mutu ndi mapewa ndikutsamira kumbuyo, ndipo pemphani okalamba kuti agwire zolimba. Sungani thupi lanu pafupi ndi mpando wa olumala kuti muchepetse mphamvu yokoka.
Kukankhira njinga ya olumala kulowa ndi kutuluka mu elevator: Okalamba ndi wosamalira ayenera kuyang'ana kutali ndi komwe akupita, wosamalirayo ali patsogolo ndipo mpando wa olumala uli kumbuyo. Mukalowa mu elevator, mabuleki ayenera kumangidwa nthawi yomweyo. Akamadutsa m'malo osalinganika mkati ndi kunja kwa elevator, okalamba ayenera kudziwitsidwa pasadakhale. Lowani ndi kutuluka pang'onopang'ono.
Kusamutsa anthu olumala
Kutengera kusamutsa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la hemiplegia monga chitsanzo
Yoyenera wodwala aliyense amene ali ndi vuto la hemiplegia ndipo angathe kuyimirira bwino akamasamutsa malo ake.
- Kusamutsa anthu olumala pafupi ndi bedi
Bedi liyenera kukhala pafupi ndi kutalika kwa mpando wa olumala, ndi chopumira chachifupi pamutu pa bedi. Chipumira chiyenera kukhala ndi mabuleki ndi chopumira cha phazi chotheka kuchotsa. Chipumira chiyenera kuyikidwa pambali pa phazi la wodwalayo. Chipumira chiyenera kukhala madigiri 20-30 (30-45) kuchokera pansi pa bedi.
Wodwalayo amakhala pafupi ndi bedi, amatseka mabuleki a olumala, amawerama patsogolo, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mwendo wathanzi kuti athandize kusuntha kupita pambali. Pindani mwendo wathanzi kufika madigiri oposa 90, ndikusuntha pang'ono phazi labwino kumbuyo kwa phazi lokhudzidwa kuti muzitha kuyenda momasuka kumapazi onse awiri. Gwirani mkono wopumira pabedi, sunthani thunthu la wodwalayo patsogolo, gwiritsani ntchito mkono wake wathanzi kuti musunthire patsogolo, sunthani kulemera kwakukulu kwa thupi kukhala ng'ombe yathanzi, ndikufikira pamalo oyimirira. Wodwalayo amasuntha manja ake pakati pa mkono wopumira pa wheelchair ndikusuntha mapazi ake kuti akonzekere kukhala pansi. Wodwalayo atakhala pa wheelchair, sinthani nkhope yake ndikumasula brake. Sinthani wheelchair kumbuyo ndi kutali ndi bedi. Pomaliza, wodwalayo amasuntha wheelchair kubwerera pamalo ake oyamba, kukweza mwendo wokhudzidwa ndi dzanja lathanzi, ndikuyika phazi pa wheelchair.
- Kusamutsa anthu olumala kupita ku bedi
Ikani mpando wa olumala kumutu kwa bedi, ndi mbali yathanzi yatseka ndipo brake yatsekedwa. Kwezani mwendo wokhudzidwa ndi dzanja lathanzi, sunthani pedali ya phazi kumbali, gwiritsitsani thunthu patsogolo ndikukankhira pansi, ndikusuntha nkhope patsogolo pa mpando wa olumala mpaka mapazi onse awiri atalendewera pansi, ndi phazi lathanzi kumbuyo pang'ono kwa phazi lokhudzidwa. Gwirani chopumira cha olumala, sunthani thupi lanu patsogolo, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito mbali yanu yathanzi kuti muthandizire kulemera kwanu mmwamba ndi pansi kuti muyime. Mukayimirira, sunthani manja anu ku zopumira za bedi, pang'onopang'ono tembenuzani thupi lanu kuti likhale lokonzeka kukhala pabedi, kenako khalani pabedi.
- Kusuntha njinga ya olumala kupita kuchimbudzi
Ikani mpando wa olumala pa ngodya, mbali yathanzi ya wodwalayo ili pafupi ndi chimbudzi, ikani brake, nyamulani phazi kuchokera pa chopondera phazi, ndikusuntha chopondera phazi kumbali. Kanikizani chopondera cha olumala ndi dzanja lathanzi ndikutsamira thunthu patsogolo. Pitani patsogolo mu mpando wa olumala. Imirirani kuchokera pa chopondera cha olumala mukuyang'ana mwendo wosakhudzidwa kuti muthandizire kulemera kwanu kwakukulu. Mukayimirira, tembenuzani mapazi anu. Imani patsogolo pa chimbudzi. Wodwalayo avule thalauza lake ndikukhala pa chimbudzi. Njira yomwe ili pamwambapa ikhoza kusinthidwa mukasamutsa kuchokera kuchimbudzi kupita ku mpando wa olumala.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu yambiri ya mipando ya olumala yomwe ilipo pamsika. Malinga ndi zinthu zake, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu a aluminiyamu, zinthu zopepuka ndi chitsulo. Malinga ndi mtundu wake, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu a olumala wamba ndi mipando yapadera ya olumala. Magulu a olumala apadera amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awa: mndandanda wamasewera a olumala, mndandanda wamagetsi wa mipando ya olumala, mndandanda wa mipando ya olumala ya chimbudzi, mndandanda wa mipando ya olumala yothandizira kuyimirira, ndi zina zotero.
- Wheelchair wamba
Amapangidwa makamaka ndi chimango cha olumala, mawilo, mabuleki ndi zida zina.
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito: anthu omwe ali ndi zilema za miyendo ya m'munsi, hemiplegia, paraplegia pansi pa chifuwa ndi okalamba omwe ali ndi vuto losayenda bwino.
Mawonekedwe:
- Odwala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito malo opumulira okha
- Malo opumulira mapazi okhazikika kapena ochotsedwa
- Ikhoza kupindika ikachitika kapena ikagwiritsidwa ntchito
- Wheelchair yowerama kumbuyo kwambiri
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito: anthu olumala kwambiri komanso okalamba komanso ofooka
Mawonekedwe:
- Chipinda chakumbuyo cha mpando wopumula chili ndi kutalika kofanana ndi mutu wa wokwera, chokhala ndi malo opumulira manja otha kuchotsedwa komanso malo opumulira mapazi opindika. Ma pedal amatha kukwezedwa ndi kutsitsidwa, kuzunguliridwa madigiri 90, ndipo bulaketi lapamwamba limatha kusinthidwa kukhala malo opingasa.
- Chopumira kumbuyo chingasinthidwe m'zigawo kapena chingasinthidwe pa mulingo uliwonse (wofanana ndi bedi) kuti wogwiritsa ntchito athe kupuma pa mpando wa olumala. Chopumira mutu chingachotsedwenso.
- Wheelchair yamagetsi
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito: Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kulemala kapena hemiplegia omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowongolera ndi dzanja limodzi.
Ma wheelchairs amagetsi amayendetsedwa ndi mabatire, amakhala ndi mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 20 pa chaji imodzi, ali ndi zowongolera zogwiritsa ntchito dzanja limodzi, amatha kupita patsogolo, kubwerera m'mbuyo, kutembenuka, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyumba kapena panja. Ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-08-2025