Moyo sungalekanitsidwe ndi mpweya, ndipo "mpweya wamankhwala" ndi gulu lapadera kwambiri la mpweya, lomwe limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuthandizira moyo, chisamaliro chapadera, kukonzanso thupi komanso physiotherapy. Ndiye, kodi magwero ndi magulu anji a mpweya wamankhwala omwe alipo panopa ndi ati? Kodi chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha mpweya wamankhwala ndi chiyani?
Kodi mpweya wa oxygen wachipatala ndi chiyani?
Mpweya wa okosijeni wa kuchipatala ndi mpweya wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zipatala. Umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza mantha omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kumira, nitrite, cocaine, carbon monoxide ndi kupuma movutikira. Umagwiritsidwanso ntchito popewa ndi kuchiza chibayo, myocarditis ndi matenda a mtima. Kumbali ina, chifukwa cha kufalikira kwakukulu kwa COVID-19, kufunika kwa mpweya wa okosijeni wachipatala pochiza matenda kwakhala koonekera pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa machiritso ndi momwe odwala amakhalira ndi moyo.
Poyamba mpweya wa okosijeni wa kuchipatala sunali wosiyana kwenikweni ndi mpweya wa m'mafakitale, ndipo zonse ziwiri zinkapezeka pogawa mpweya. Zisanafike chaka cha 1988, zipatala zonse m'dziko langa zinkagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa m'mafakitale. Mpaka mu 1988, muyezo wa "Oxygen Wachipatala" unayambitsidwa ndipo unapangidwa kukhala wofunikira, zomwe zinathetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa m'mafakitale kuchipatala. Poyerekeza ndi mpweya wa m'mafakitale, miyezo ya mpweya wa m'mafakitale ndi yokhwima kwambiri. Mpweya wa m'mafakitale umafunika kusefa zinyalala zina za mpweya (monga carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone ndi acid-base compounds) kuti apewe poizoni ndi zoopsa zina panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito. Kuwonjezera pa zofunikira za kuyera, mpweya wa m'mafakitale uli ndi zofunikira zambiri pa kuchuluka ndi kuyera kwa mabotolo osungira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipatala.
Gulu la okosijeni wazachipatala ndi kukula kwa msika
Kuchokera ku gwero, limaphatikizapo mpweya wa silinda wokonzedwa ndi zomera za oxygen ndi mpweya wopezeka ndi zosungira mpweya m'zipatala; Ponena za mkhalidwe wa mpweya, pali magulu awiri: mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi mpweya wa gasi; Ndikofunikiranso kudziwa kuti kuwonjezera pa 99.5% ya mpweya woyera kwambiri, palinso mtundu wa mpweya wolemera mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya wa oxygen wa 93%. Mu 2013, Boma la Food and Drug Administration linatulutsa muyezo wa mankhwala a dziko lonse wa mpweya wolemera mpweya (93% ya mpweya), pogwiritsa ntchito "mpweya wolemera mpweya" ngati dzina lodziwika bwino la mankhwala, kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe ndi kuyang'aniridwa, ndipo pakadali pano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zipatala.
Kupanga mpweya wa okosijeni ndi zipatala pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopangira okosijeni kuli ndi zofunikira zambiri pamlingo wa zipatala ndi ukadaulo wa zida, ndipo zabwino zake ndizodziwikiratu. Mu 2016, Meical Gases and Engineering Branch ya China Industrial Gases Association, mogwirizana ndi Standards Division ya Medical Management Center of National Health and Family Planning Commission, idafufuza zipatala 200 mdziko lonselo. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti 49% ya zipatala idagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wamadzimadzi, 27% idagwiritsa ntchito majenereta a okosijeni a molecular, ndipo zipatala zina zomwe sizigwiritsa ntchito mpweya wambiri zidagwiritsa ntchito masilinda a okosijeni kuti zipereke mpweya. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, kuipa kogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi mpweya wa m'mabotolo kwakhala kofala kwambiri. 85% ya zipatala zomangidwa kumene zimakonda kusankha zida zamakono zopangira mpweya wa molecular sieve, ndipo zipatala zambiri zakale zimasankha kugwiritsa ntchito makina a okosijeni m'malo mwa mpweya wa m'mabotolo wamba.
Zipangizo za mpweya wa m'chipatala ndi kuwongolera khalidwe
Mpweya wa silinda ndi mpweya wamadzimadzi m'zipatala zimapangidwa ndi mpweya wozizira. Mpweya wa silinda wa mpweya ungagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji, pomwe mpweya wamadzimadzi umafunika kusungidwa m'malo mwake, kuchotsedwa, ndikusinthidwa kukhala nthunzi usanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala.
Pali mavuto ambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito masilinda a okosijeni, kuphatikizapo kuvutika kusunga ndi kunyamula, zovuta pakugwiritsa ntchito, ndi zina zotero. Vuto lalikulu ndi chitetezo. Masilinda achitsulo ndi ziwiya zodzaza ndi mphamvu zomwe zimakhala ndi ngozi zoopsa. Chifukwa cha zoopsa zazikulu zachitetezo, kugwiritsa ntchito masilinda kuyenera kuthetsedwa m'zipatala zazikulu ndi zipatala zomwe zili ndi odwala ambiri. Kuwonjezera pa mavuto omwe ali ndi masilinda okha, makampani ambiri opanda ziyeneretso za okosijeni azachipatala amapanga ndikugulitsa okosijeni wa masilinda, womwe uli ndi zinthu zosafunikira komanso zodetsa zambiri. Palinso milandu pomwe okosijeni wamafakitale amabisika ngati okosijeni wazachipatala, ndipo zipatala zimavutika kusiyanitsa mtundu wake pogula, zomwe zingayambitse ngozi zazikulu zachipatala.
Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, zipatala zambiri zayamba kusankha chosungira mpweya.Njira zazikulu zopangira okosijeni zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano ndi machitidwe opangira okosijeni a molecular sieve ndi machitidwe opangira okosijeni olekanitsidwa ndi nembanemba, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zipatala.
Chofunika kwambiri apa ndi chosungira mpweya cha molecular sieve. Chimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wothira mpweya kuti chiwonjezere mpweya kuchokera mumlengalenga mwachindunji. Ndi chotetezeka komanso chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Kusavuta kwake kunawonetsedwa bwino kwambiri panthawi ya qpidemic,kuthandiza ogwira ntchito zachipatala kumasula manja awo. Kupanga ndi kupereka okosijeni wodziyimira pawokha kunathetsa nthawi yonyamula masilinda a okosijeni, komanso kunawonjezera kufunitsitsa kwa zipatala kugula makina opangira okosijeni a molecular see.
Pakadali pano, mpweya wambiri womwe umapangidwa ndi mpweya wochuluka (93% ya mpweya), womwe ungakwaniritse zosowa za mpweya m'zipinda zonse kapena zipatala zazing'ono zomwe sizichita opaleshoni yofunika kwambiri, koma sizingakwaniritse zosowa za mpweya m'zipinda zazikulu, zoyang'anira odwala, ndi zipinda zolandirira mpweya.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi chiyembekezo cha Medical Oxygen
Mliriwu wawonetsa kwambiri kufunika kwa mpweya wabwino m'machipatala, koma kusowa kwa mpweya wabwino m'machipatala kwapezekanso m'maiko ena.
Nthawi yomweyo, zipatala zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zikuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono masilinda kuti ziwongolere chitetezo, kotero kukweza ndi kusintha kwa makampani opanga mpweya ndikofunikiranso. Ndi kufalikira kwa ukadaulo wopanga mpweya, majenereta a mpweya m'zipatala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Momwe mungapititsire patsogolo nzeru, kuchepetsa ndalama, ndikuzipangitsa kukhala zolumikizana bwino komanso zosavuta kunyamula pamene mukuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino upangidwa bwino kwakhala njira yopititsira patsogolo opanga mpweya.
Mpweya wa m'thupi umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, ndipo momwe mungawongolere kuwongolera bwino ndikukonza njira yoperekera zinthu yakhala vuto lomwe makampani ndi zipatala ayenera kukumana nalo limodzi. Popeza makampani azachipatala ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamankhwala, njira zatsopano zapangidwa kuti akonze mpweya m'malo osiyanasiyana monga zipatala, nyumba ndi malo otsetsereka.Nthawi ikupitirira, ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo, ndipo tikuyembekezera mtundu wa kupita patsogolo komwe kudzachitike mtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-23-2025