Kukula kwa njinga za olumala

Tanthauzo la chikuku

Zipando zoyendera ndi chida chofunikira pakukonzanso. Sikuti ndi njira yokhayo yopititsira anthu olumala, koma chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti amawathandiza kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuchita nawo zinthu zolimbitsa thupi mothandizidwa ndi njinga za olumala. Ma wheelchair wamba amakhala ndi magawo anayi: wheelchair frame, wheelchair, brake device ndi mpando.

Mbiri ya chitukuko cha njinga za olumala

Nthawi zakale

• Mbiri yakale kwambiri ya chikuku ku China ndi cha m'ma 1600 BC. Chitsanzo cha chikuku chinapezeka pa zojambula za sarcophagus.
• Zolemba zakale kwambiri ku Europe ndi ma wheelbarrow ku Middle Ages (zomwe zimafuna kuti anthu ena azikankhira, pafupi ndi zikuku zamasiku ano za unamwino)
• M'mbiri yodziwika padziko lonse ya zikuku, mbiri yakale kwambiri idachokera ku Northern and Southern Dynasties of China (AD 525). Zojambula za mipando yokhala ndi mawilo pa sarcophagi ndizomwe zimatsogolera zikuku zamasiku ano.

Masiku ano

Cha m'zaka za m'ma 1800, mipando ya olumala yokhala ndi mapangidwe amakono idawonekera. Zimapangidwa ndi mawilo awiri akuluakulu amatabwa akutsogolo ndi gudumu limodzi laling'ono kumbuyo, ndi mpando wokhala ndi mikono pakati.

Kupita patsogolo kwa nkhondo

• Kutuluka kwa mipando yopepuka yopangidwa ndi rattan yokhala ndi mawilo achitsulo kumawonekera mu Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni ku America.
• Nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse itatha, njinga za olumala zimene anthu ovulala ku United States ankagwiritsa ntchito zinali zolemera makilogalamu 50. Dziko la United Kingdom linapanga njinga ya olumala ya mawilo atatu, ndipo posakhalitsa anawonjezera chipangizo choyendetsera magetsi kwa icho.
• Mu 1932 AD, chikuku choyamba chamakono chopindika chinapangidwa

Maphunziro azolimbitsa thupi

• Mu 1960 AD, Masewera a Paralympic oyamba adachitikira pamalo omwewo monga Masewera a Olimpiki - ku Roma.
• M'maseŵera a Olimpiki a ku Tokyo a 1964, mawu akuti "Paralympics" adawonekera koyamba.
• Mu 1975, Bob Hall anakhala munthu woyamba kumaliza mpikisano wothamanga panjinga ya olumala.

Gulu la chikuku

General wheelchair

Ndi njinga ya olumala yogulitsidwa ndi masitolo wamba. Amakhala ngati mpando. Ili ndi mawilo anayi. Gudumu lakumbuyo ndi lalikulu ndipo gudumu lamanja limawonjezeredwa. Brake imawonjezedwa ku gudumu lakumbuyo. Gudumu lakutsogolo ndi laling'ono ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito powongolera. Kumbuyo kwa chikuku Onjezani anti-tipping

Chikupu chapadera (chopangidwa mwamakonda)

Malingana ndi momwe wodwalayo alili, pali zipangizo zambiri zosiyana, monga kulimbitsa katundu wonyamula katundu, ma cushions apadera am'mbuyo, makina othandizira khosi, miyendo yosinthika, matebulo ochotsamo, ndi zina zotero.

Wapa njinga ya olumala (masewera)

• Chipatso cha olumala chopangidwa mwapadera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera osangalatsa kapena mpikisano.
• Zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo kuthamanga kapena basketball, ndipo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito povina ndizofala kwambiri.
• Nthawi zambiri, zopepuka komanso zolimba ndizomwe zimapangidwira, ndipo zida zambiri zapamwamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zinthu zomwe chikuku chikuyenera kukwaniritsa

• Zosavuta kupindika ndi kunyamula
• Kukwaniritsa zosowa za chikhalidwe
• Zamphamvu, zodalirika komanso zolimba
• Mafotokozedwe ndi makulidwe amasinthidwa ndi mawonekedwe a thupi la wogwiritsa ntchito
• Sungani khama ndikuwononga mphamvu zochepa
• Mtengo wake ndi wovomerezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito wamba
• Khalani ndi mlingo wina wodziyimira pawokha posankha maonekedwe ndi ntchito
• Zosavuta kugula magawo ndi kukonza

Mapangidwe a chikuku ndi zowonjezera

Kapangidwe ka njinga za olumala

Choyika chikuku

Zosasunthika: Zili ndi mphamvu zabwinoko komanso zolimba, ndizosavuta kusungitsa mgwirizano wapanjinga ya olumala kuposa mtundu wopindika, imakhala ndi kukana pang'ono kozungulira, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, ndi yotsika mtengo, ndipo ndiyoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba.

Yokhoza kupindika: Ndi yaying'ono kukula kwake komanso yosavuta kunyamula ndi kunyamula. Zambiri mwa njinga za olumala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala pano ndi zopindika.

Mawilo

Gudumu lakumbuyo:Nthawi yonyamula katundu pa njinga za olumala;Nyimba zambiri za olumala zimakhala ndi mawilo akulu kumbuyo, koma pakachitika zapadera zimafunika mawilo akulu kutsogolo.

Caster: Kukula kwake kukakhala kokulirapo, ndikosavuta kuwoloka zopinga, koma m'mimba mwake ikakhala yayikulu kwambiri, malo okhala panjinga ya olumala amakhala akulu ndipo kumakhala kovuta kusuntha.

Turo

Brake

Mpando ndi Baskrest

Mpando: kutalika, kuya ndi m'lifupi

Kumbuyo:Kumbuyo kwapang'onopang'ono, kumbuyo kwapamwamba; kutsamira backrest ndi sanali atatsamira backrest

• Low backrest: Thunthu limakhala ndi zoyenda zambiri, koma zimafunikira wogwiritsa ntchito kukhala ndi mphamvu zowongolera ndi thunthu.

• High backrest: Mphepete mwa kumtunda kwa backrest nthawi zambiri imadutsa mapewa, ndipo mutuwo ukhoza kumangirizidwa; Nthawi zambiri, chotsaliracho chimatha kupendekeka ndikusinthidwa kuti chisinthe malo opanikizika pamatako kuti apewe zilonda zopanikizika. Pamene postural hypotension imachitika, backrest imatha kuphwanyidwa.

Legrest ndi footrest

• Legrest

Armrest

Anti-tipper

• Mukafuna kukweza ma casters, mutha kuwaponda kuti muwateteze ku anti-tipper
• Pewani chikuku kulowera chammbuyo pamene chikuku chatsamira chammbuyo mopitirira muyeso